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Notes, bare acts, case laws and MCQs for Indian LL.B. students — organised by year, semester and subject.
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Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) (Landmark Case)
A law that lets the police arrest someone for a Facebook post they merely find "annoying" cannot survive the Constitution's g...
Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997) (Landmark Case)
When no law protected women from sexual harassment at work, the Supreme Court did not wait for Parliament — it used Articles 14, 19(1)(g), ...
Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Association (2000) (Landmark Case)
No religion, however sincerely practised, gives anyone the right to make excessive noise in its name. The Supreme Court used a noisy prayer...
Free Legal Aid Cell Shri Sugan Chand Aggarwal v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi (2001) (Landmark Case)
The right to life under Article 21 includes the right to live in an environment free from excessive noise. This Delhi High Court decision r...
Maulana Mufti Syed Md. Noorur Rehman Barkati v. State of West Bengal (1998)
Azan is an essential part of Islamic prayer — but using a loudspeaker to broadcast it is not. This case tested whether environmental noise ...
Yashwant Trimbak Oke v. State of Maharashtra (1995)
A festival tradition does not automatically come with a right to use loudspeakers, especially once actual measurements show the noise alrea...
Rabin Mukherjee v. State of West Bengal (1985)
Loud and shrill vehicle horns are not just an annoyance — they are noise pollution, and courts can order the government to actually enforce...
R. Kuppayee v. Raja Gounder (2004) (Landmark Case)
A father can gift a reasonable portion of ancestral immovable property to his daughter — at her marriage or even long afterwards — without ...
Jagat Narain v. Mathura Das (1928) (Landmark Case)
A Karta can alienate joint family property not only for "legal necessity" but also for the "benefit of the estate." Thi...
Dev Kishan v. Ram Kishan (2002)
A Karta's power to alienate joint family property for "legal necessity" has a limit: the purpose itself must be lawful. This ...
Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, 1972 — Key Principles
Verbatim text of the Principles of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted at Stockholm on 16 Ju...
Important Questions — Environmental Law, Unit 5
Previous Osmania University LL.B. exam questions for Environmental Law, Unit V, each linked to the notes or case-law post that answers it. ...
Wetland — చిత్తడి నేల
An area of land — marsh, swamp, lake margin, floodplain, or coastal zone such as a mangrove or estuary — that is permanently or seasonally ...